www.Vasculex.com http://www.cardient.com Nutraceuticals for Cardiovascular conditions and risk, Metabolic, Blood pressure control, Sex Enhancement and Erectile Dysfunction http://www.cardient.com/icon.png www.Vasculex.com http://www.cardient.com Sat, 15 Jun 2019 10:00:00 -0700 http://www.blazonco.com/ en Are You At Risk of Having A Stroke? http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-are-you-at-risk-of-having-a-stroke- http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-are-you-at-risk-of-having-a-stroke-#comments Sat, 15 Jun 2019 10:00:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-are-you-at-risk-of-having-a-stroke- Read more]]> Presynaptic modulation of bipolar states http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-presynaptic-modulation-of-bipolar-states http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-presynaptic-modulation-of-bipolar-states#comments Thu, 13 Apr 2017 23:39:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-presynaptic-modulation-of-bipolar-states Afferent modulation of dopamine neuron firing differentially regulates tonic and phasic dopamine transmission
SB Floresco, AR West, B Ash, H Moore… - Nature neuroscience, 2003 - nature.com
The mesolimbic dopamine system is centrally involved in reward and goal-directed behavior, and it has been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders. Understanding the mechanism by which dopamine participates in these activities requires comprehension of the dynamics of dopamine release. Here we report dissociable regulation of dopamine neuron discharge by two separate afferent systems in rats; inhibition of pallidal afferents ...

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Distinct roles of presynaptic dopamine receptors in the differential modulation of the intrinsic synapses of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens

BMC Neuroscience20078:8

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-8

©  Mizuno et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2007

Received: 20 September 2006

Accepted: 19 January 2007

Published: 19 January 2007

Abstract

Background

In both schizophrenia and addiction, pathological changes in dopamine release appear to induce alterations in the circuitry of the nucleus accumbens that affect coordinated thought and motivation. Dopamine acts principally on medium-spiny GABA neurons, which comprise 95% of accumbens neurons and give rise to the majority of inhibitory synapses in the nucleus. To examine dopamine action at single medium-spiny neuron synapses, we imaged Ca2+ levels in their presynaptic varicosities in the acute brain slice using two-photon microscopy.

Results

Presynaptic Ca2+ rises were differentially modulated by dopamine. The D1/D5 selective agonist SKF81297 was exclusively facilitatory. The D2/D3 selective agonist quinpirole was predominantly inhibitory, but in some instances it was facilitatory. Studies using D2 and D3 receptor knockout mice revealed that quinpirole inhibition was either D2 or D3 receptor-mediated, while facilitation was mainly D3 receptor-mediated. Subsets of varicosities responded to both D1 and D2 agonists, showing that there was significant co-expression of these receptor families in single medium-spiny neurons. Neighboring presynaptic varicosities showed strikingly heterogeneous responses to DA agonists, suggesting that DA receptors may be differentially trafficked to individual varicosities on the same medium-spiny neuron axon.

Conclusion

Dopamine receptors are present on the presynaptic varicosities of medium-spiny neurons, where they potently control GABAergic synaptic transmission. While there is significant coexpression of D1 and D2 family dopamine receptors in individual neurons, at the subcellular level, these receptors appear to be heterogeneously distributed, potentially explaining the considerable controversy regarding dopamine action in the striatum, and in particular the degree of dopamine receptor segregation on these neurons. Assuming that post-receptor signaling is restricted to the microdomains of medium-spiny neuron varicosities, the heterogeneous distribution of dopamine receptors on individual varicosities is likely to encode patterns in striatal information processing.

]]> Bringing blood back to normal Coagulation http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-bringing-blood-back-to-normal-coagulation http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-bringing-blood-back-to-normal-coagulation#comments Thu, 13 Apr 2017 23:24:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-bringing-blood-back-to-normal-coagulation Enhance the concept that returning blood to it's normal state as far as PAI-1 being thus, the Plasmin Thrombin modulator or what keeps them in balance which is truly what the body does, in nature all the time. Is done through maintaining PAI-1 at it's normal level.

Many of the coagulation proce...

Read more]]> Enhance the concept that returning blood to it's normal state as far as PAI-1 being thus, the Plasmin Thrombin modulator or what keeps them in balance which is truly what the body does, in nature all the time. Is done through maintaining PAI-1 at it's normal level.


Many of the coagulation processes are short lived, when inside the blood vessels, thus the concept that fibrinolysis is enhanced is not entirely scientific since PAI-1 reduction has little to do with the entirely self controlled fibrinolysis. That is as long as new fibrin is not formed fibrinolysis continues on, at its own pace. Fibrin degradation products are rarely increased under normal blood flow circumstances.

The evidence for that is that lowering PAI-1 is not associated with an increase in fibrin end products, or fibrin degradation end products. (Scientific literature is readily available). On the contrary those are actually reduced. I realize that this is high level science.  The evidence in the scientific literature is clear, that it is very unusual that fibrin degradation products increase with a normal PAI-1 level, in fact an ancronistic statement.

]]> Minerals http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-minerals http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-minerals#comments Tue, 04 Apr 2017 10:38:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-minerals

Mineral mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions

Minerals originate in the earth and cannot be made by living organisms.

Plants get minerals from soil.

Minerals important in a human diet come from eating plants and animals  Drinking water. 

Minerals is one of the four groups of essential nutrients,  

Vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids.

The five major minerals in are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.

Remainder  "trace elements", have a specific biochemical function in the human body are iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, and selenium.

Most chemical elements ingested by organisms are in the form of simple compounds.

Plants absorb dissolved elements in soils, which are subsequently ingested by the herbivores that eat them, and the elements move up the food chain. 

Bacteria and fungi play an essential role in the weathering of primary elements that results in the release of nutrients for their own nutrition and for the nutrition of other species in the ecological food chain.

Cobalt, is available for use by animals only after having been processed into complex molecules (e.g., vitamin B12) by bacteria. 

The process of mineralizing structures, called "biomineralization", used to construct bones, seashells, eggshells, exoskeletons and mollusc shells.[6]

An important trace mineral controls the hunger receptors is platinum. See "effects of trace platinum on hunger receptors"

 

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Mineral (nutrient)

In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.Minerals originate in the earth and cannot be made by living organisms.Plants get minerals from soil. Most of the minerals in a human diet come from eating plants and animals or from drinking water.As a group, minerals is one of the four groups of essential nutrients, the others of which are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids.The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.All of the remaining elements in a human body are called "trace elements". The trace elements that have a specific biochemical function in the human body are iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, and selenium.

Most chemical elements that are ingested by organisms are in the form of simple compounds. Plants absorb dissolved elements in soils, which are subsequently ingested by the herbivores that eat them, and the elements move up the food chain. Larger organisms may also consume soil (geophagia) or use mineral resources, such as salt licks, to obtain limited minerals unavailable through other dietary sources.

Bacteria and fungi play an essential role in the weathering of primary elements that results in the release of nutrients for their own nutrition and for the nutrition of other species in the ecological food chain. One element, cobalt, is available for use by animals only after having been processed into complex molecules (e.g., vitamin B12) by bacteria. Minerals are used by animals and microorganisms for the process of mineralizing structures, called "biomineralization", used to construct bones, seashells, eggshells, exoskeletons and mollusc shells.[6]

]]> Metal Bioavailability vs Toxicity depends on soul content of toxic elements influenced by quality of irrigating water http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-metal-bioavailability-vs-toxicity-depends-on-soul-content-of-toxic-elements-influenced-by-quality-of-irrigating-water http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-metal-bioavailability-vs-toxicity-depends-on-soul-content-of-toxic-elements-influenced-by-quality-of-irrigating-water#comments Tue, 04 Apr 2017 10:22:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-metal-bioavailability-vs-toxicity-depends-on-soul-content-of-toxic-elements-influenced-by-quality-of-irrigating-water Copper: An essential metal in biology
  • Richard A. Festa
  • Dennis J. Thiele

Summary

Life on Earth has evolved within a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. While organic molecules such as amino acids, carbohydrates and nucleotides form the backbone of proteins and genetic material, these fundamental components of macromolecules are enzymatically synthesized and ultimately degraded. Inorganic elements, such as copper (Cu), iron and zinc, once solubilized from the Earth's crust, are neither created nor destroyed and therefore their homeostatic regulation is under strict control. In the fascinating field of ‘metals in biology’, by virtue of direct interactions with amino acid side-chains within polypeptide chains, metals play unique and critical roles in biology, promoting structures and chemistries that would not otherwise be available to proteins alone.

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Bioavailability Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in Edible Nuts and Seeds

J Moreda-Piñeiro et al. Food Chem 205, 146-154. 2016 Mar 03. more

 

Abstract

Bioavailability of essential and toxic metals in edible nuts and seeds has been assessed by using an in vitro dialyzability approach. The samples studied included walnuts, Brazil nuts, Macadamia nuts, pecans, hazelnuts, chestnuts, cashews, peanuts, pistachios and seeds (almond, pine, pumpkin and sunflower). Metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in dialyzates and also in samples after a microwave assisted acid digestion pre-treatment. Low dialyzability percentages were found for Al, Fe and Hg; moderate percentages were found for Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, Se, Sr, Tl and Zn; and high dialyzability ratios were found for As, Cr and Ni. The highest dialyzability percentages were found in raw chestnuts and raw hazelnuts. Metal dialyzability was found to be negatively affected by fat content. Positive correlation was found between carbohydrate content and metal dialyzability ratios. Protein and dietary fibre content did not influence metal bioavailability. Predicted dialyzability for some metals based on fat and protein content could also be established.

]]> Stress with effects in depression & Bipolar conditions and how to prevent & treat them long term http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-stress-with-effects-in-depression-bipokar-conditions-and-how-to-prevent-treat-them-long-term http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-stress-with-effects-in-depression-bipokar-conditions-and-how-to-prevent-treat-them-long-term#comments Tue, 04 Apr 2017 09:29:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-stress-with-effects-in-depression-bipokar-conditions-and-how-to-prevent-treat-them-long-term Relation between stress & depression later bipolar reactions status, extending to Bipolar conditions & disease. Which can be corrected and eventually  prevented in the long run the whole idea is to understand how this occurs and the fact that the genetic defects don't go away since they permanently there, but have to be constantly be taken care of so that they don't come back and haunt the body, again.

Read more]]> Study reverses thinking on genetic links to stress, depression

A recent study published in PLOS One indicates that only about half of scientific discoveries will be replicated and stand the test of time. So perhaps it shouldn't come as a surprise that new research led by Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis shows that an influential 2003 study about the interaction of genes, environment and depression may have missed the mark. Since its publication in Science, that original paper has been cited by other researchers more than 4,000 times, and some 100 other studies have been published about links between a serotonin-related gene, stressful life events and depression risk. It indicated that people with a particular variant of the serotonin transporter gene were not as well-equipped to deal with stressful life events and, when encountering significant stress, were more likely to develop depression. Such conclusions were widely accepted, mainly because antidepressant drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) help relieve depression for a significant percentage of clinically depressed individuals, so many researchers thought it logical that differences in a gene affecting serotonin might be linked to depression risk. But in this new study, the Washington University researchers looked again at data from the many studies that delved into the issue since the original publication in 2003, analyzing information from more than 40,000 people, and found that the previously reported connection between the serotonin gene, depression and stress wasn't evident. The new results are published April 4 in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

]]> The case for potent anti-oxidant action on the brain http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-the-case-for-potent-anti-oxidant-action-on-the-brain http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-the-case-for-potent-anti-oxidant-action-on-the-brain#comments Wed, 29 Mar 2017 21:57:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-the-case-for-potent-anti-oxidant-action-on-the-brain Potent anti-oxidant action on the brain, in a UI study, which was published March 28 2017 that suggests cerebellar stimulation might help improve cognitive problems in patients with schizophrenia, also known as "bipolar disorder".

Read more]]> The case for potent anti-oxidant action on the brain

A new study from Parker's lab and the lab of Nandakumar Narayanan at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine finds that stimulating the cerebellum in rats with schizophrenia-like thinking problems normalizes brain activity in the frontal cortex and corrects the rats' ability to estimate the passage of time - a cognitive deficit that is characteristic in people with schizophrenia.

"Cerebellar interactions with the frontal cortex in cognitive processes has never been shown before in animal models," says Parker, UI assistant professor of psychiatry and the first faculty hire of the new Iowa Neuroscience Institute. "In addition to showing that the signal travels from the cerebellum to the frontal cortex, the study also showed that normal timing behavior was rescued when the signal was restored."

The UI study, which was published March 28 online in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, adds to the accumulating evidence, including recent human studies from Harvard University, that suggests cerebellar stimulation might help improve cognitive problems in patients with schizophrenia, also known as "bipolar disorder".

Schizophrenia is a serious and debilitating psychiatric illness that disrupts a person's ability to think and to understand the world around them. About 1 percent of the population is affected by schizophrenia. There is no cure and few therapies reliably improve the condition's cognitive problems.

Read more at: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-brain-schizophrenia-like-cognitive-problems.html#jCp

]]> Blurred vision memory and Alzheimer's Disease http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-blurred-vision-memory-and-alzheimer-s-disease http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-blurred-vision-memory-and-alzheimer-s-disease#comments Fri, 21 Oct 2016 08:28:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-blurred-vision-memory-and-alzheimer-s-disease Blurred vision an early sign of Alzheimer's Disease

Read more]]> One of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's Disease even before any noticeable change in memory is blurred vision, since the eye or "Retina" back of the eye is actually brain tissue. Swelling of the layers of the retina or forming cystic changes as in diabetic retinopathy is a very early sign supported by many scientific articles in the literature.

Predident Ronald Reagan had to wear glasses, mainly due to burry vision. Retinal edema (swelling of the layers of the retina) he was very fond of jelly bellies. 

]]> Advantages of Black pepper by Mercola http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-advantages-of-black-pepper-by-mercola-at-mercola-com http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-advantages-of-black-pepper-by-mercola-at-mercola-com#comments Mon, 04 Jul 2016 06:42:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-advantages-of-black-pepper-by-mercola-at-mercola-com From Mercola.com

Black Pepper: "King of Spices"

Botanical name: Piper nigrum

From the Piperaceae family, the black pepper plant is a trailing, woody vine that grows in tropical climates. After a few years, it bears tiny white blossoms that become berries known as peppercorns. For black peppe...

Read more]]> From Mercola.com

Black Pepper: "King of Spices"

Botanical name: Piper nigrum

From the Piperaceae family, the black pepper plant is a trailing, woody vine that grows in tropical climates. After a few years, it bears tiny white blossoms that become berries known as peppercorns. For black peppercorns, the berries are picked before full maturity and turn dark when dried. Variations of green and white peppercorns are obtained by choosing different stages at which to pick the berries.

This is the same spice that, in centuries past, spawned battles, launched voyages, and became one of the signs by which men judged other men’s wealth. Today, we get to simply buy it at the supermarket, exported from India and Indonesia, the largest producers. Available whole, crushed, or ground into powder, many households use a hand-held mill for grinding their own peppercorns, which have an almost indefinite shelf life, to get the freshest product. Ground pepper retains its optimum freshness for about three months, and is sometimes “adulterated” with something other than black pepper, fresh or otherwise. Freshly ground pepper turns vinegar and oil dressing – or any dressing for that matter – into a work of culinary art. When cooking, use it at the last moment to retain the full flavor of the essential oils.

Health Benefits of Black Pepper

What an ounce of this spice offers is a lot: 79% of the daily recommended value of the manganese; 57% of the vitamin K; 45% of the iron, and 30% of the fiber. It’s true that one would never have that much pepper in a day, but this helps calculate the nutrients you’d get in a teaspoon: 6% of the manganese needed for an entire day, for instance.

Black pepper helps shore up the system with other minerals like potassium for controlling the heart rate and blood pressure, and calcium to strengthen your bones and teeth. Zinc, according to studies, promotes cell growth and is a stealth antioxidant, protecting against free radical damage. Iron carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of our bodies and helps muscles with oxygen use and storage. As for magnesium, scientists say more than 300 enzymes use it as a cofactor. It helps keep blood vessels pliable, builds bones, and is an anti-inflammatory. Potassium, another mineral in black pepper, helps improve your stomach’s ability to digest foods and promotes intestinal health.

Because black pepper is a carminative, it discourages intestinal gas from forming, and as a bonus, the outer layer of the peppercorn aids in the break-down of fat cells. It warms the body so it promotes sweating, which helps rid the body of toxins.

Black pepper contains essential oils like piperine, an ammonia-derived alkaloid, which gives pepper its bold character and heat, as well as the monoterpenes sabinene, pinene, terpenene, limonene, and mercene, which give this spice its aromatic qualities. All combined, these oils in aromatherapy can help in easing aching muscles, chilblains, and arthritis, and have curative properties for constipation and sluggish digestion.

A study funded by the McCormick Science Institute regarding the potential health benefits of black pepper noted first its ability to enhance digestive tract function. One compound, piperine, was shown to have promise in treating the pigmentary skin disorder called vitiligo, but may also be toxic to the parasite that causes malaria. Piperine increases the body’s ability to absorb betacarotenes, selenium and B-vitamins (which in black pepper means pyridoxine, riboflavin, thiamin and niacin), as well as other nutrients from food.

Another study that showed that the growth of several bacteria types was inhibited when black pepper was introduced concluded with a statement that black pepper may contain not only anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and fever-reducing actions, but immune system-enhancing properties as well.

Black Pepper Nutrition Facts

Serving Size: 3.5 ounces (100 grams), raw
% Daily
Value*
Amt. Per
Serving

Calories
255
  

    Calories from fat
27
  

Total fat
3 g
5%

    Saturated fat
1 g
5%

    Trans fat

    

Cholesterol
0 mg
0%

Sodium
44 mg
2%

Total Carbohydrate
65 g
22%

    Dietary Fiber
27 g
106%

    Sugar
1 g
  

Protein
11 g
  
 

Vitamin A

 6%

Vitamin C

 35%

Calcium

 44%

Iron

 160%
*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie

 

Studies Done on Black Pepper

Sensory cues associated with cigarette smoking can suppress smoking withdrawal symptoms, including the craving part, according to one study. A vapor of black pepper essential oil was one of three conditions given to 48 cigarette-smoking study participants in a three-hour session, conducted after the subjects were deprived of cigarettes overnight. A second group inhaled from a mint/menthol cartridge device, and a third group from an empty cartridge.

Reported cigarette craving was significantly reduced in the pepper condition relative to the other two, as well as alleviated symptoms of anxiety. But the intensity of sensations in the chest was significantly higher for the pepper condition, supporting the view that respiratory tract sensations are important in alleviating smoking withdrawal symptoms.

The conclusion: black pepper constituents may be useful in developing smoking cessation treatments.1

Black pepper and its active principle exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities being unknown, researchers undertook a study to analyze these properties. Human cancer cell proliferation was noted as being inhibited when black pepper was present, and overall, results indicated that black pepper and its constituents do exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.2

]]> Benificial effects of capsaicin consumption http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-benificial-effects-of-capsaicin-consumption http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-benificial-effects-of-capsaicin-consumption#comments Mon, 04 Jul 2016 06:31:00 -0700 Raif http://www.cardient.com/blog/article/-benificial-effects-of-capsaicin-consumption
  • Certain blood pressure control natural products add ginger and capsaicin to enhance the effects of the original natural product that is intended for control of blood pressure. Capsaicin increases its absorption then promotes the other advantages along with the blood pressure control.
  • BlAck pepper has many advantages when added to that cocktail

    • Read more]]>  

     
    What Are the Health Benefits of Capsaicin?

    What Are the Health Benefits of Capsaicin?

    By Jill LeeOct 07, 2015

    The Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, the hottest pepper in the world, averages around 1.2 million Scoville units, the scale that measures a pepper's spiciness. Compare that to 5,000 Scoville units for the average jalapeno, and you'll see why the Moruga Scorpion is reserved for the most seasoned pepper aficionados. While you might not want to brave the hottest pepper in the world, capsaicin, the chemical responsible for hot peppers' spicy kicks, can be beneficial outside of making sure your famous salsa is a force not to be reckoned with.

    Prostate-Cancer Prevention

    Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States with more than 230,000 new cases reported each year, according to "Cancer Research." Capsaicin can be a helpful component of a prostate cancer treatment plan because the substance is able to kill prostate cancer cells, according to the American Association for Cancer Research. Capsaicin may also help reduce the expression of proteins that control growth genes that cause malignant cells to grow. Human studies are limited, but capsaicin has shown promising results in rodent tests.

    Pain-Relieving Peppers

    Capsaicin can be used topically and ingested. Topical ointments and creams containing capsaicin are helpful in relieving pain from many different conditions, including arthritis, fibromyalgia, nerve pain and lower back pain, explains the University of Maryland Medical Center. While capsaicin is not a cure for pain caused by these conditions, it does lower the amount of substance P, a chemical that helps transmit pain signals to the brain, when applied directly to the skin.

    Cinch Your Waistline

    Some studies have suggested that capsaicin may help suppress your appetite, leading to weight loss. There isn't a proven link between capsaicin and weight loss, however, because these studies have not looked at capsaicin in isolation, explains the University of Maryland Medical Center. Hot peppers are good sources of antioxidants and vitamins A and C, so adding some spice to your cooking still has benefits

    ]]>